A festival in Bhutan, known as tsechu, is a deeply spiritual and cultural celebration held annually across the country. These vibrant festivals honor the life and great deeds of Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava), the revered Buddhist saint believed to have brought Buddhism to Bhutan. The word tsechu means “tenth day,” as each festival begins on the 10th day of a lunar month, believed to be auspicious for spiritual blessings.
Each district (dzongkhag), monastery, and many villages host their own festival in Bhutan, attracting locals and travelers from all corners. These events span three to five days, featuring sacred mask dances performed by monks, gomchens (lay monks), and trained laymen. The dances are rich in religious symbolism and are believed to bring spiritual purification to those who witness them.
A highlight of many tsechus is the unveiling of a giant sacred appliqué tapestry called a thongdroel, which is displayed at dawn on the final day. Viewing this sacred image is believed to bless and liberate the viewer from the cycle of rebirth.
Some festivals also feature a wang or collective blessing given by a high lama. Colored threads are distributed to be worn as proof of the blessing. A special type called mewang or “fire blessing” is performed to symbolically burn away impurities.
Adding humor and satire to the sacred environment are the atsaras, or festival clowns. Dressed in expressive masks and vibrant costumes, they joke, tease, and interact with the crowd. Although they mock the religious proceedings, they play a key role as they represent Indian masters (Acharyas) and are uniquely permitted to challenge norms—within a culturally accepted boundary.
In smaller villages, a festival in Bhutan may consist mainly of religious readings, community prayers, and social gathering. Even then, the entire village contributes to organizing the event, and those living in cities often return home to participate and support.
For the Bhutanese, festivals are not only religious but also social. It is a time to gain merit, reconnect with loved ones, and display one’s finest attire and jewelry. With picnics, laughter, and even subtle flirtation, these festivals are moments of joy and spiritual reflection.